The museum.

Every top-level category descends from something you could hold. Nine relics, their true stories, and their living heirs in the registry.

  • The floppy disk1971–2011

    IBM's original 1971 floppy was eight inches wide and genuinely floppy; by the time the rigid 3.5-inch shell arrived, the name no longer described anything you could see. The final common format held 1.44 MB — half of one modern phone photo. The disk stopped shipping, but its silhouette still means “save” in software used by people who have never touched one.

    Its heirs: application/* — 1,886 living types

  • The compact cassette1963–2000s

    Philips introduced the compact cassette in 1963 and made a decision that shaped decades: it licensed the format to everyone for free, so every manufacturer adopted it. Forty-five minutes a side meant a mixtape was sequenced in advance and committed to — no reordering, no undo. The Walkman turned that constraint into the first truly portable personal soundtrack.

    Its heirs: audio/* — 187 living types

  • The VHS tape1976–2008

    VHS beat the technically sharper Betamax on the things households actually weighed: longer recording time and a lower price. It built an entire ritual economy — the rental shop, the late fee, the sticker asking you to be kind and rewind. It was the last mainstream video format where finding a scene was physical work measured in whirring minutes.

    Its heirs: video/* — 110 living types

  • The instant photo1948–today

    Edwin Land's 1948 Polaroid camera put the darkroom inside the print: the developing chemistry rode along in the frame and finished its work in your hand. Shaking it never sped anything up — Polaroid eventually said so out loud. Digital killed the business twice, and the format still refuses to die, because a photograph you can hold arrives with a weight a file never has.

    Its heirs: image/* — 108 living types

  • The punch card1928–1970s

    Herman Hollerith punched the 1890 US census onto cards; IBM standardized the 80-column card in 1928, and for half a century one card meant one line. Terminals adopted the same width so a screen row could hold a card, which is why eighty columns still polices your code style today. Careful programmers reserved the last columns for sequence numbers, so a dropped deck could be machine-sorted back into a program.

    Its heirs: text/* — 132 living types · punch your own card

  • The metal sort1450–1970s

    For five centuries a font was a physical inventory: one metal block per letter, per size, per style. Compositors kept capitals in the upper of two wooden cases and small letters in the lower — the entire etymology of uppercase and lowercase. The spacing strips between lines were cast from lead, which is why your CSS still sets “leading.”

    Its heirs: font/* — 6 living types

  • The airmail envelope1918–today

    Email was pure 7-bit ASCII text for its first two decades — no images, no sound, no attachments. MIME, published as RFC 1341 in 1992 by Nathaniel Borenstein and Ned Freed, taught messages to declare what they carry, and the labels it introduced became this entire registry. Every Content-Type header on the web is an airmail sticker that escaped the post office.

    Its heirs: message/* — 24 living types

  • The Utah teapot1975–today

    In 1975 Martin Newell needed a test object with curves, self-shadowing and a hole, so he modeled the Melitta teapot from his own kitchen table. The dataset was free, hard to render well, and instantly everywhere — it remains the most-rendered object in graphics history. The famous squashed proportions are Jim Blinn's: he scaled it for an early display and the squash simply stuck. The real teapot sits in the Computer History Museum.

    Its heirs: model/* — 43 living types

  • The parcelalways

    multipart never had hardware to lose; it is the registry's way of shipping several things as one. A random boundary string separates the parts the way packing tape separates a parcel's contents from the world. Half a century of formats came and went, and every web form upload still ships as multipart/form-data — the cardboard box of the internet.

    Its heirs: multipart/* — 16 living types

The registry never deletes: formats retire, their labels stay registered. This whole site is the museum's catalog — the exhibits above are just the wings.