JPEG XL
image/jxl
The JPEG committee's designated successor to JPEG (ISO/IEC 18181), able to recompress existing JPEGs losslessly about 20 percent smaller. Its adoption story is the trap: Chrome shipped it behind a flag and then removed it, Safari added it, so feature-detect before serving. A JXL file comes in two shapes — a bare codestream starting ff 0a, or an ISO-BMFF container whose 12-byte signature is the one below — and a correct sniffer must recognize both.
Magic bytes
00 00 00 0c 4a 58 4c 20 0d 0a 87 0a · offset 0
Per Wikipedia — List of file signatures · test a file against it.
Defined by JPEG XL (ISO/IEC 18181) — jpeg.org · IANA registration. Registry facts from the IANA media-types registry via mime-db.